Showing posts with label 10th Science. Show all posts
Showing posts with label 10th Science. Show all posts

12/23/2016

TNPSC - 10th Standard Science Notes for All Competitive Exams

12/23/2016 0
TNPSC - 10th Standard Science Notes for All Competitive Exams
Heredity and Evolution

Heredity

The Progeny produced through the reproductive process is similar to its parents, in body design, functions etc. The rules of heredity determine the process by which the traits and the characteristics are relatively inherited.

Gregor Johann Mendel (1822-1884)
Mendel was educated in a monastery and went on to study  science and Mathematics at the University of Vienna. Gregor Johann Mendel worked out the first ever scientific experimental study of heredity. Mendel as Austrian Augustinian monk observed variation in the characteristics of garden pea plant (Pisum Sativum) which he had cultivated in his monastery garden. The visible contrasting characters that Mendel observed in the garden pea plant were
  • Seed shape - Round / Wrinkled
  • Seed colour - Ywllow / Green
  • Flower Colour - Violet / White
  • Pod Shape - Full / Constricted
  • Flower Position - Axillary / Terminal
  • Stem height - Tall / Dwarf
Mendel's Monohybrid Cross
Mendel selected the garden pea plant, pisum sativum for his experiments.  He selected tall and dwarf plants and allowed them to grow naturally. As pea plants produce seeds only by self pollination, he observed that tall plants produced always tall plants generation  after generation under natural condition.

Monobybrid Crass.
The first experiment of Mendel considering the inheritance of a single trait (Height of the plant Tall / Dwarf) is called Monobybrid Crass.

Phenotype
Express of Morphological characters as tall or dwarf plan, violet or white flower is called phenotype.

Genotype
The expression of gene (or Chromosomal make up) of an individual for a particular trait is called Genotype.

Types of Variations
a Somatic Variation
It pertains to body cells and it is not inherited
b. Germinal Variation
It pertains to germ cells or gametes and it is inheritable. It leads to speciation and evolution.
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6/05/2016

TNPSC- Production in Plants & Periodic classification of Elements - 10th Standard Science

6/05/2016 0
TNPSC- Production in Plants & Periodic classification of Elements - 10th Standard Science
1.      Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl₂ + H₂↑
          The above reaction is an example of _______.
          a. Combination reaction
          b. Double displacement reaction
          c. Displacement reaction
          d. Decomposition reaction
          Answer:  c. Displacement reaction
2.    A reddish brown coloured element ‘x’ on hearting in air, becomes a black
 coloured compound ‘Y’. X and Y are _____ and_____.
           a. Cu, CuO
           b. Pb, PbO
           Answer:  a. Cu, CuO

3.       A student tests the p H of pure water using a p H paper.  It is shows green colour.  If a p 11 paper is used after adding lemon juice to water, colour will he obverse?
           a. Green
           b. Red
           c. Yellow
           Answer:  b. Red

4.       Chemical volcano is an example of ________.  (APRIL, JUNE – 2014)
           a. Combination reaction
           b. Decomposition reaction
           Answer:  Decomposition reaction

5.       When crystals of lead nitrate on heating strongly produces ________ gas and the colour of the gas is ________.  (JUNE – 2012)
          Answer:  Nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), reddish brown

6.       When aqueous solution of silver nitrate and sodium chloride are mixed, ________ precipitate is immediately formed
           a. White
            b. Yellow
           c. Red
            Answer:  a. White

7.         Aluminium can displace Zinc metal from aqueous solution of Zinc sulphate because________.
             a. zinc is more reactive than aluminium
             b. aluminium is more reactive than zinc
            Answer: aluminium is more reactive than zinc

8.        To protect tooth decay, we are advised to brush our teeth regularly. The nature of the tooth paste commonly used is _______ i  n nature.
             Answer:  basic

9.          Vinegar is present in acetic acid.  Curd contains ________ acid.
             a. Lactic acid
             b. Tartaric acid
             Answer:  a. Lactic acid

10.       pH= -log 10[H+].  The pH of a solution containing hydrogen ion concentration of 0.001M solution is ________.
             a. 3
             b. 11
             c. 14

             Answer: a. 3
  • Periodic classification of Elements

1.       In the modern periodic table, periods and groups are given.  Periods and groups indicate ________.
          a. Rows and Columns
          b. Columns and Rows
          Answer:  a. Rows and Columns

2.      The third period contains elements.  Out of these elements, how many elements are non-metals?
          a. 8
          b. 5
          Answer: b. 5

3.       An element which is an essential constituent of all organic compounds belongs to the ________ group.  (JUNE – 2014)
          a. 14th group
          b. 15th group
          Answer:  a. 14th group

4.      Ore is used for the extraction of metals profitably .  Bauxite is used to extract aluminium, it can be termed as ________ (SEP – 2014)
         a. ore
         b. mineral
         Answer:  a. ore

5.      Gold does not occur in the combined form.  It does not react with air water.  It is in the ________ state.  (JUNE, SEP – 2014)
          a. native
          b. combined

         Answer:  a. native
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TNPSC - Atoms and Molecules - 10th Standard Science

6/05/2016 0
TNPSC - Atoms and Molecules - 10th Standard Science
1.      From the given examples, form the pair of isotopes and the pair of isobars: 18Ar40, 17CI35, 20Ca40, 17CI37    
          Answer:  Isotopes     :     17CI35, 17CI37   
                           Isobars       :      18Ar40, 20Ca40

2.       Molecular mass of Nitrogen is 28.  Its atomic mass is 14.  Find the atomicity of Nitrogen.   (SEP - 2014, APRIL – 2014, 12)
           Answer:  Atomicity   =   Molecular Mass
                                                          Atomic Mass
                                                =     28
                                                        14
                  Atomicity             =      2

3.      Gram molecular mass of oxygen is 32g/  Density of Oxygen is 1.42g/cc.  Find the gram molecular volume of Oxygen.
          Gram Molecular Volume    =    Gram Molar Mass
                                                                     Density
                                                          =         32
                                                                    1.429
          Gram Molecular Volume of Oxygen     =    22.4 litre

4.       ‘Cl’ represents chlorine atom, ‘CI₂’ represents chlorine molecule.   List our any two difference between atoms and molecules.
     Atom
  Molecule
1.  Atom is an non bonded entity.
1.  Molecule is a bonded entity.
2.  It may or may not exist freely.
Eg: CI
2.  It can exist freely.
  Eg: CI₂

5.      Calculate the gram molecular mass of water from the values of gram atomic mass of hydrogen and of Oxygen.  (APRIL – 2013,12)
          Gram atomic mass of hydrogen   =   1g
          Gram atomic mass of oxygen       =   16g
          Answer:   H₂O =  2[H] + 1[O]  
          Gram molecular mass of water   = 2[1] + 1[16]  =  2 + 16
          Gram molecular mass of water  =  18g

6.       One mole of any substance contains 6.023 ×1023 particles.
          If 3.0115  ×  1023 particles are present in CO₂.  Find the number of moles.
         Number of moles  =  No. Of molecules      
                                                 6.023 × 1023          
                                          =   3.0115 × 1023
                                                6.023 ×1023
                                                    =  0.5 moles

7.      ________ have equal number of neutrons.
         a. Isobars
         b. Isotones
         c. Isotopes
         d. Mass Numbers
         Answer:  b. Isotones

8.     Classify the following based on atomicity:
        a. Chlorine
        b. Neon
        c. Phosphorous
        d. Ozone
         Answer:    Chlorine             -       Diatomic Molecule
                           Neon                  -       Monotonic Molecule
                           Phosphorous      -       Polyatomic Molecule
                           Ozone                -       Triatomic Molecule

9.      Identify and correct the mistake in each of the following:
         a. The molar volume of gas at STP is 22.4 cm₃.
         b. 2 × R.M.M. = V.D
         c. An atom cannot exist independently.
         d. The ratio of atoms in a molecule may be integral or simple or may not be fixed.
        d. H₂O is a homo atomic molecule.
        Answer:  a. The molar volume of gas at STP is 22.4 Litre.
                        b. 2 × V.D. = R.M.M.
                        c. An atom may or may not exist independently.
                        d. The ratio of atoms in a molecule are intergral and  fixed.
                        d. H₂O  is a  Hetero atomic molecule.
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TNPSC - Waste Water Management & Solutions - 10th Standard Science

6/05/2016 0
TNPSC - Waste Water Management & Solutions - 10th Standard Science
1.       An example of water – borne disease is _______.
          a. scabies
          b. dracunculiasis
          c. trachoma
          d. typhoid
          Answer:  d. Typhoid

2.       The sedimented and floating materials are removed by this treatment process.
           a. primary treatment
           b. secondary treatment
           c. tertiary treatment
           d. peripheral treatment
           Answer:  a. primary treatment

3.       Which is a non – renewable resource? 
           a. coal
           b. petroleum
           c. natural gas
           d. all the above
           Answer:   d. All the above

4.       _______ is the chief component of natural gas.
           a. ethane
           b. methane
           c. propane
           d. butane
           Answer:  b. methane

  • Solutions


1.       A true solution is a homogeneous mixture of solute and solvent.  Chalk powder in water is a heterogenous mixture.  Is it a true solution?
          Answer:  No , it is a suspension

2.       A solution that contains water as the solvent is called an aqueous solution.  If carbon di sulphide is a solvent in a given solution, then the solution is called ________.
          a. aqueous solution
          b. non – aqueous solution
          Answer:  b. non  - aqueous solution

3.      The solubility that common salt in 100g water is 36g .  If 20g of salt is dissolved in it.  How much more is required to attain saturation?
          Answer:  16gram

4.      If two liquids are mutually soluble, they are called ________ liquids. 
         a. miscible
         b. immiscible
        Answer:  a. miscible

5.     When Sunlight passes through the window of a classroom,  its path is visible.  This is due to ________ of light. 
         a. reflection
         b. scattering
         Answer:  b. scattering

6.     The particles in various forms are visible only under an ultra microscope.  A solution containing such particles is called ________.  
         a. True solution
         b. colloidal solution
        Answer: b. colloidal solution

7.     The number of components in a binary solution are / is ________.
         a. one
         b. two
         Answer:  b. two

8.      The mixture of gases used by deep – sea divers is ________. 
         a. Helium – Oxygen
         b. Oxygen - Helium
         Answer:  a. Helium – Oxygen

9.     Soil cannot store more nitrogen than it can hold.  Hence soil is said to be in a state of ________.
        a. saturation
        b. unsaturation
        Answer:  a. saturation

10.   In an endothermic process, solubility increases with ________ in temperature.
         a. increase
         b. decrease
         Answer:  a. increase

11.    Aquatic species are more comfortable in cold water because ________.
         a. as the temperature decreases, the solubility of dissolved oxygen increase.
         b. as the temperature increases, the solubility of dissolved oxygen increase.
         c. as the temperature increases, the solubility of dissolved oxygen  decrease.

          Answer:  As the temperature decrease, the solubility of dissolved oxygen increase.
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TNPSC - Conservation of Environment - 10th Standard Science

6/05/2016 0
TNPSC - Conservation of Environment - 10th Standard Science
1.    Which of the following group contain only bio-degradable items?
        a. Grass, flowers and leaves
        b. Grass, wood and plastic
        c.  Fruit peels, cake and plastic
        d. Cake, wood and glass
        Answer:  a. Grass, flowers and leaves

2.     Which of the following constitutes a food chain?
        a. Grass, Wheat and mango
        b. Grass, goat and human
        c. Goat, cow and elephant
        d. Grass, fish and goat
        Answer:  b. Grass, goat and human

3.     Which of the following are environment friendly practices?
         a. carrying cloth bags for shopping
         b. switching off light and fans when not in use
         c. using public transport
         d. all the above
         Answer:  d. All the above

4.      What is called as ‘black gold’? 
         a. hydrocarbons
         b. coal
         c. petroleum
         d. ether
         Answer:  c. Petroleum

5.      Based on the food chain, pick the odd one out: 
         Plants→ grasshopper→ frog→ tiger → snake
         Answer:  Tiger

6.      Example for product of green chemistry is ________ 
         a. plastic
          b. paper
          c. bio plastics
          d. halogen flame retardants
         Answer:  c. Bio plastics

7.      ________ is a green house gas which causes climate change and global warming. 
          a. hydrogen
          b. oxygen
          c. nitrogen
          d. carbon dioxide
          Answer:  d. Carbon dioxide

8.      The ________ form decomposers in the pond ecosystem.
         a. Plants
         b. bacteria
         c. frogs
         d. phytoplanktons
         Answer:  b. bacteria

9.     ________ is used in seeding clouds.  
        a. potassium iodide
        b. calcium carbonate
         c. sulphurdioxide
        d. ammonium phosphate
        Answer:  a. Potassium iodide

10.   An example for fossil fuel is __________ 
        a. copper
        b. iron
        c. Magnesium
         d. coal
        Answer:  d. Coal

11.    Ari pollution is caused by transport exhaust fumes and emission of gases like SO₂, CO₂, NO₂ from industries.  Similarly, water pollution is caused by ________.
          a. sewage
          b. crop cultivation
          c. rain
          d. soil erosion
          Answer:  a. sewage

12.    If wild animals are killed, what difficulty would we face?
          a. imbalance in nature
          b. decrease in fog rain
          c. decrease in population
          d. increase in rain
          Answer:  a. imbalance in nature

13.    Water is an essential commodity for survival.  What can we do to help increase water resources?
          a. deforestation
          b. reducing the use of vehicle
          c. The burning of the wastage             
          d. afforestation
          Answer:  d. Afforestation

14.      The tiger and the lion are carnivores.  Likewise the elephant and the bison are ________.
             Answer:  Herbivores

15.       Assertion (A):     Coal and petroleum are called fossil fuels.
             Assertion (R):      Fossil fuels are formed from the remains of dead organisms after millions of years.
             a. Both ‘A’ and ‘R’ are true and ‘R’ explains ‘A’.
             b. Both ‘A’ and ‘R’ are true and but ‘R’ doesn’t explain ‘A’
             c. Only ‘A’ is true but ‘R’ is false.        
             d. ‘A’ is false but ‘R’ is true.
             Answer:  a. Both ‘A’ and ‘R’ are true and ‘R’ explains ‘A’.
             Reason    : Coal and Petroleum are fossil fuels and these are formed from the remains of dead organisms after millions of years.

16.       Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) is considered a better fuel than coal / petroleum, because ________.
            Answer:  It does not pollute the environment.

17.      Now - a – days water bottles and lunch boxes are made from agricultural products like fruit pulp.  These are called ________.

            Answer: products produced by Green chemistry
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TNPSC - Life Processes - 10th Standard Science

6/05/2016 0
TNPSC - Life Processes - 10th Standard Science
1.       In monotropa the special type of root which absorbs nourishment is the ________.
          a. Haustoria
          b. Mycorrhizal root 
          c. Clinging root
          d. Adventitious root
          Answer:  b. Mycorrhizal root

2.      The product obtained in the anaerobic respiration of yeast is ________
         a. Lactic acid
         b. Pyruvic acid
         c. Ethanol
         d. Acetic acid
         Answer:  c. Ethanol

3.     The roots of a coconut tree are seen growing far from the plant.  Such a kind of movement of root for want of water is ________.
        a. Phot6otropism
        b. Geotropism
        c. Chemotropism
         d. Hydrotropism
         Answer:  d. Hydrotropism

4.     The xylem in the plants is responsible for ________.
        a. transport of water
        b. transport of food
        c. transport of amino acids
        d. transport of oxygen
        Answer:  a. transport of water

5.     The autotrophic nutrition requires
        a. CO₂ and water
        b. chlorophyll
        c. sunlight
        d. all the above
        Answer:  d. All the above

6.     Leaf pores / stomata help in ________.
        a. intake of CO₂ during photosynthesis
        b. release of O₂ during photosynthesis
        c. release of water vapour during transpiration
        d. all of these
        Answer:  d. All the above

7.    ________ of green plants are called factories of food production.  
        a. Mitochondria
        b. Chloroplasts
        c. Endoplasmic reticulum
        d. Nucleus
        Answer:  b. chloroplasts

8.     The special root – like struction of plant parasites in cuscuta and viscumare called ________.
        a. Rhizoids
        b. Haustoria
        c. Hyphae  
        d. stolons
        Answer:  b. Haustoria

9.     Pick out the odd one : The parts of the alimentary canal are
        a. Pharynx
        b. Mouth
        c. buccal cavity
        d. pancreas
        Answer:  d. Pancreas


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TNPSC - A Representative Study of Mammals - 10th Standard Science

6/05/2016 0
TNPSC - A Representative Study of Mammals - 10th Standard Science
1.    Select important characteristic features of mammals
        a. Four - chambered heart
        b. Fore – limbs and hind limbs
        c. milk – producing glands
        d. Post anal tail
        Answer:  c. Milk – producing glands

2.     Carnivorous animals use these teeth to tear flesh.
        a. incisors
        b. canines
        c. premolars
        d. molars
        Answer:  b. canines

3.     The Henle’s loop of nephron is mainly responsible for reabsorption of water in the kidney.  Which of the following has a long loop of Henle in its nephrons to conserve water?
         a. Polar bear
         b. Camel
         c. Frog
         d. Whale
         Answer:  b. Camel

4.      Which blood cells of mammals are concerned with immunity?
          a. Young Erythrocytes
          b. Leucocytes
          c. Thrombocytes
          d. Marured Erythrocytes
          Answer:  b.  Leucocytes

5.      You were given two unlabelled slides with blood smears of an amphibian and a mammal.  You would differentiate the blood samples by observing the  ________.
          a. Colour
          b. nature of RBC’s
          c. nature of WBC’s
          d. contents of plasma
          Answer:  b. nature of RBC’s

6.      For the digestion of cellulose, an enzyme called cellulose is required.  Some mammals lodge cellulose producing bacteria in their digestive system by offering them food and shelter.  These mammals are mostly _______.
        a. Herbivores
        b. Carnivores
        c. Omnivores
        d. sanguivores
        Answer:  a. Herbivores

7.     Forelimbs of mammals have a common basic structure or pattern, but are different in their usage / function in different animals.  They can be called ________.
        a. Homologous organs
        b. Analogous organs
        c. Vestigial organs
        d. Rudimentary organs
        Answer:  a. Homologous organs

8.     Sensitive whiskers are found in ________. 
        a. Bat
        b. Elephant
        c. Deer
        d. Cat
        Answer:  d. Cat

9.     The tusks of elephants are modified ________.  
        Answer:  Incisors

10.    Pick out an animal which has a four – chambered stomach.  (SEP – 2014)
         a. Elephant
         b. Dolphin
         c. Deer
         d. Kangaroo
         Answer:  c. Deer

11.   Normal body temperature of man is ________   (JUNE, SEP – 14)
          a. 98.4 - 98.6⁰F
          b. 96.6 - 96.8⁰F
          c. 94.4 - 98.6⁰F
          d. 98.4 - 99.6⁰F
          Answer:  a. 98.4 – 98.6⁰F

12.    Mitral Valve is found  between ________.
          a. Right auricle and right ventricle
          b. Left auricle and left ventricle
          c. Right ventricle and pulmonary artery
          d. Left ventricle and aorta
          Answer:  b. Left auricle and left ventricle
13.     Assertion (A) : Mammalian heart is called myogenic heart.
           Reason (R) : Heartbeat is regulated by a specialized muscle bundle (pacemaker) in mammals.
           a. Both ‘A’ and ‘R’ are true and ‘R’ explains ‘A‘
           b. Both ‘A’ and ‘R’ are true and ‘R‘ explain ’A’
           c. ‘A’ is true but ‘R’ is false.
           d. ‘A’ is false but ‘R’ is true.
           Answer:  a. Both ‘A’ and ‘R‘ are true and ’R’ explains ‘A‘

14.     One of the following groups contains a non – mammalian animal.   Pick up the group.
          a. dolphin, walrus, porcupine, rabbit, bat
          b. elephant, pig, horse, donkey, monkey
          c. antelope, deer, cow, buffalo, black buck
          d. dog, cat, crocodile, lion, tiger.
          Answer:  d. Dog, cat, crocodile, lion, tiger

15.    The epidermis of mammals contains ________. (APRIL, JUNE - 14)
          a. hair, bristles, quills
          b. hair, nails, claws
          c. hair, bristles, horns
          d. hair, nails, scales
          Answer:  a. hair, bristles, quills

16.     Based on relationship, fill up :
           Whale     :     Filppers
           Bat           :     ­­_______.
           Answer:  Wings

17.     Fill in the blanks.
           RBC         :     Carrier of oxygen;
           WBC        :      ________.
           Answer:  Engulfing germs and producing antibodies

18.     Based on modifications, make the pairs :
           Incisor      :      tusks of elephant
           ______     :      quills of porcupine

           Answer:  Hair
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