2013 September UGC NET Solved Question Paper in History, Paper III

1. Which one of the following sites in central India has yielded the largest number of copper hoard implements?

(A) Kayatha

(B) Pondi

(C) Gungeria

(D) Maheshwar

Answer: (C)

2. Match the List – I with List – II and select the correct answer from the codes given below:

List – I                                    List – II

(Archaeological sites) (River Valley)

a. Chandraketugarh                 i. Amaravati

b. Korkai                                 ii. Ganga

c. Karur                                   iii. Palar

d. Vasavasamudram                iv. Vaigai

Codes:

a          b          c          d

(A)       i           iii         iv         ii

(B)       iii         i           ii          iv

(C)       ii          iv         i           iii

(D)       iv         ii          iii         i

Answer: (C)

3. Which of the following is not true of Ashoka?

(A) He granted land to the ministers and the upper-most strata of bureaucracy in lieu of salary.

(B) His Dhamma was an ethic meant for good social conduct and cohesion.

(C) He advocated complete tolerance.

(D) He made scathing attacks against the useless rituals.

Answer: (A)

4. Match the List – I with List – II and select the correct answer from the codes given below:

List – I                                    List – II

(Find-spots of Inscriptions)    (Kings)

a. Rabtak                                 i. Dharmamahadevi

b. Shar-i-Kuna                         ii. Vindhyashakti

c. Angul                                  iii. Kanishka

d. Basim                                  iv. Ashoka

Codes:

a          b          c          d

(A)       ii          iii         iv         i

(B)       iii         iv         i           ii

(C)       i           ii          iii         iv

(D)       iv         i           ii          iii

Answer: (B)

5. Which of the following is not correct about the vedic age?

(A) Some portions of the Rigveda seem to have been added later.

(B) There is evidence of the existence of brahmavadinis.

(C) The varna divisions started during its later phase.

(D) The society was wholly matriarchal.

Answer: (D)

6. Which one of the following sites is not associated with Painted Grey Ware?

(A) Gilaulikhera

(B) Noh

(C) Tripuri

(D) Satwali

Answer: (C)

7. Sanauli in Baghpat district of UP is known for which one of its following Archaeological remains?

(A) Megaliths monuments

(B) Neoliths instruments

(C) Harappan cemetery

(D) OCP culture remains

Answer: (C)

8. Which of the following was one of the causes of differences between the Buddha and Devadatta?

(A) Buddha’s faith in non-violence

(B) Buddha’s desire to abandon the life of a renunciate after ten years.

(C) Devadatta’s suggestions for making the followers the forest-dwellers.

(D) Buddha’s desire not to allow the women to enter the samgha.

Answer: (C)

9. Point out which one of the following sites has yielded the remains of a Jaina stupa?

(A) Sanchi

(B) Dhamnar

(C) Nalanda

(D) Mathura

Answer: (D)

10. Match the List – I with List – II and select the correct answer from the codes given below:

List – I                        List – II

(Form of marriage)      (Meaning)

a. Arsha                       i. stealing a girl who is sleeping, intoxicated or disordered in intellect.

b. Paishacha                ii. the purchase of bride

c. Asura                       iii. the father gives the daughter after receiving a cow and a bull or two pairs from bridegroom.

d. Rakshasa                 iv. the forcible abduction of the maiden from her house.

Codes:

a          b          c          d

(A)       i           iii         ii          iv

(B)       ii          iv         i           iii

(C)       iii         i           ii          iv

(D)       iv         ii          iii         i

Answer: (C)

11. Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R).

Assertion (A): Ashoka’s consecration was postponed for four years even after his actual accession.

Reason (R): The royal astrologer warned him that the coming four years are not auspicious for this occasion.

In the context of the above statements, which one of the following is correct?

Codes:

(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.

(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.

Answer: (C)

12. Which of the below mentioned inscriptions of Mauryan times provides details related to famine relief?

(A) Mahasthan inscription

(B) Erragudi inscription

(C) Nittur inscription

(D) Jarrgada inscription

Answer: (A)

13. Of the following, which does not form a part of Bhagvad Gita?

(A) An emphasis on bhakti

(B) The condemnation of Ajivikas

(C) The imperishable Atman

(D) Great emphasis on karma without having any regard for the fruit

Answer: (B)

14. Which of the elliptical temples built at the following sites during 3rd-1st century B.C. was dedicated to Naga cult?

(A) Vidisha

(B) Dangwada

(C) Sonkh

(D) Atranjikhera

Answer: (C)

15. Arrange the following early Acharyas of Shrivaishnava sect of South India in chronological order and select the correct answer from the codes given below:

List:

i Yamunacharya

ii Pundarikaksha

iii Nathmuni

iv Ramamishra

Codes:

(A) i iii ii iv

(B) iv i iii ii

(C) iii ii iv i

(D) ii iv i iii

Answer: (C)

16. Match the List – I with List – II and select the correct answer from the codes given below:

List – I                                    List – II

(Author)                                  (Work)

a. Mammata                            i. Kumarapalacharita

b. Sandhyakara Nandi            ii. Ramacharita

c. Hemachandra                      iii. Kavyaprakasha

d. Bhatti                                  iv. Ravanavadha

Codes:

a          b          c          d

(A)       i           ii          iv         iii

(B)       ii          iv         iii         i

(C)       iii         ii          i           iv

(D)       iv         iii         ii          i

Answer: (C)

17. Which is not true of the contents of the Aihole Inscription of Pulakeshin-II?

(A) Ravikirti, its composer calls himself equal of Bhasa and Kalidasa.

(B) Pulakeshin II is projected a great conqueror.

(C) Pulakeshin II is called Satyashraya.

(D) It is dated in saka era 561 (= 639 – 40 AD)

Answer: (D)

18. Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion (A) and the

labelled as Reason (R).

Assertion (A): The defeat of Bhoja-I of the Paramara dynasty of Malwa by Karna of the Kalachuri dynasty of Tripuri was followed by the latter to abdicate his throne.

Reason (R): Bhoja-I and Karna were eternal enemies of each other.

Read the above statements and select the correct answer from the codes given below:

Codes:

(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.

(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.

Answer: (B)

19. Who has applied the theory of Feudalism for the Chola State?

(A) R.C. Majumdar

(B) Burton Stein

(C) R.N. Nandi

(D) A. Southal

Answer: (C)

20. Arrange the following law-givers in chronological order and select the correct answer from the codes given below:

i Katyayana

ii Medhatithi

iii Vishnu

iv Devanabhatta

Codes:

(A) i iii ii iv

(B) ii iv i iii

(C) iii i ii iv

(D) iv ii iii i

Answer: (C)

21. Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R).

Assertion (A): Subinfeudation gave rise to a hierarchy of landlords, different from the actual tillers of the soil.

Reason (R): From 8th century onwards, hierarchical control over land was created by large scale sub infeudation.

Read the above statements and select the correct answer from the codes given below:

Codes:

(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.

(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.

Answer: (A)

22. Sijdah theoretically means:

(A) Prostration before King

(B) Prostration before God

(C) Prostration before Diwan

(D) Prostration before Imam

Answer: (B)

23. Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R).

Assertion (A): Alauddin Khilji revoked most of the small iqtas granted by the previous sultans.

Reason (R): State’s share was increased to one half of the produce.

In the context of the above statements, which one of the following is correct?

Codes:

(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.

(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.

Answer: (B)

24. Which of the sultans prohibited Muslim women from worshipping at the graves of the saints?

(A) Balban

(B) Alauddin Khilji

(C) Muhammad Tughlaq

(D) Firozshah Tughlaq

Answer: (D)

25. Which one of the following dynasties did not belong to Kashmir?

(A) Hindu Shahi

(B) Karkota

(C) Utapala

(D) Lohar

Answer: (A)

26. Goa and Konkan regions were annexed to the Vijayanagar Empire during the reign of:

(A) Harihara II

(B) Devaraya II

(C) Krishna Devaraya

(D) Narsa Nayak

Answer: (A)

27. Concerning sufi philosophy which one of the following statements is incorrect?

(A) To the sufis the outstanding attribute of God is his effulgence.

(B) The sufis practised several yogic exercises as means to suppress lust.

(C) As an aid to concentration the sufis favoured meditation than to music.

(D) The sufis believed that it is only under the guidance of the Pir that spiritual progress is possible.

Answer: (C)

28. Consider the following statements and choose correct answer from the codes given below:

i Shaikh Hamiduddin Nagauri was a chishti saint.

ii The early chishtis disapproved the miracles.

iii The chistis order originated in India.

iv Shaikh Bahaud-din Zakaria had his Khanqah in Patna.

Codes:

(A) i and iv

(B) ii and iii

(C) i and ii

(D) iii and iv

Answer: (C)

29. The term cartaz in the medieval period stood for:

(A) Ilbari permits for inland trade

(B) Portuguese permit for sea trade

(C) Dutch permit for sea trade

(D) Mughal permits for inland trade

Answer: (B)

30. Arrange the following expeditions of Shershah in chronological order:

i. Raisin

ii. Kalinjar

iii. Malwa

iv. Marwar

(A) iii i iv ii

(B) ii iii i iv

(C) iv i iii ii

(D) i ii iii iv

Answer: (A)

31. Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R).

Assertion (A): Concerning progress of education Akbar was not satisfied with mere multiplication of maktabs and madrasas.

Reason (R): Akbar revised the syllabus of educational institutions thoroughly.

Read the above statements and select the correct answer from the codes given below:

Codes:

(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.

(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.

Answer: (A)

32. Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R). Select the correct answer from the codes given below:

Assertion (A): Rajputs enrolled in large numbers in Akbar’s Tauhid-i-Ilahi.

Reason (R): Akbar’s alliance with the Rajputs began as a political condition, but later it developed into closer relations between Hindus and Muslims.

Codes:

(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.

(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.

Answer: (D)

33. Which one of the following is not correctly matched?

(A) Nizam-ud-din Ahmad - Tabaqat-I Akbari

(B) Abdul Qadir Badaoni - Muntakhab-ud Tawarikh

(C) Khafi Khan - Muntakhab-ul Lubab

(D) Abdur Rahim - Badshah Namah

Answer: (D)

34. Which of the Mughal emperors disapproved the practice of polygamy by saying that “polygamy brings ruin to (the man’s) health and woes to his home”?

(A) Babur

(B) Akbar

(C) Shah Jahan

(D) Aurangzeb

Answer: (B)

35. Pietra dura, a decorative style, was adopted in the Mughal architecture from the reign of

(A) Humayun

(B) Jahangir

(C) Shah Jahan

(D) Aurangzeb

Answer: (B)

36. Which one of the following is not correctly matched?

Author                                     Book

(A) Ebba Koch -                     Mughal Architecture

(B) John F. Richards -             The Mughal Empire

(C) Andre Wink -                    The History of Mughal Architecture

(D) R. Nath -                           The immortal Taj Mahal: The evolution of the Tomb in Mughal Architecture

Answer: (C)

37. Consider the following statements and select the correct answer from the codes given below:

i The provinces of the Gangetic plain, during the 17th century showed substantial rise in the lands classified as zabt.

ii The zabt expansion increased the ability of the administration to deal directly with village elite.

iii Steady growth in the measured area helped the Mughal State to keep pace with rising agricultural production over the country.

iv The cultivators turned to more valuable cash crops such as sugarcane or cotton.

Codes:

(A) i and ii

(B) ii and iii

(C) ii, iii and iv

(D) i, ii, iii and iv

Answer: (D)

38. Abdur Rahim Khan-i-khanan made important architectural contributions at

(A) Burhanpur

(B) Kabul

(C) Lahore

(D) Agra

Answer: (A)

39. Match the List – I with List – II and select the correct answer from the codes given below:

List – I                                                            List – II

(Monument)                                        (Place)

a. Tomb of Rabia Daurani                   i. Agra

b. Tomb of Safdar Jung                      ii. Sikandra

c. Tomb of Akbar                                iii. Delhi

d. Tomb of Fatehpuri Begum                         iv. Aurangabad

Codes:

            a          b          c          d

(A)       i           ii          iii         iv

(B)       ii          iii         iv         i

(C)       iv         iii         ii          i

(D)       iii         iv         i           ii

Answer: (C)

40. Arrange the following monuments in chronological order of construction and select the correct answer from the codes given below:

i Jama Masjid, Delhi

ii Tomb of Humayun, Delhi

iii Badshahi Masjid, Lahore

iv Taj Mahal, Agra

Codes:

a          b          c         d

(A)       i           ii          iii         iv

(B)       ii          iv         i           iii

(C)       iii         i           ii          iv

(D)       iv         iii         ii          i

Answer: (B)

41. Regarding the nature of the late medieval rural society of India which one of the following is correct?

(A) The rural society of the medieval period was highly stratified in nature.

(B) Natural calamities, wars and local oppression often contributed to the shifting of rural people from one village to the other.

(C) The social structure of the village, old or new, reflected almost the same nature.

(D) All of the above

Answer: (D)

42. Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R).

Assertion (A): The focal points in the Maratha political system was the institution of hereditary Peshwas.

Reason (R): Baji Rao changed the character of Maratha movement from struggle for national survival to empire building.

In the context of the above statements, which one of the following codes is correct?

Codes:

(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.

(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.

Answer: (B)

43. Which one of the following was the leader of Wahabi Movement?

(A) Syed Ahmad of Rai Bareilly

(B) Sir Syed Ahmad Khan

(C) Muhammad Abdul Wahab

(D) Waliulla

Answer: (A)

44. The Blue Water Policy was associated with:

(A) Vasco Da Gama

(B) De Almeida

(C) Albuquerque

(D) Alfonso de Souza

Answer: (B)

45. Match the List – I with List – II and select the correct answer from the codes given below:

List – I                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                List – II

a. Introduction of the system of direct recruitment to the I.C.S. through a competitive examination                                                                                  i. 1853

b. Introduction of the portfolio system                                  ii. 1861

c. Establishment of Federal Court                                          iii. 1919

d. Introduction of Dyarchy in the Provinces.                                     iv. 1937

Codes:

a          b          c          d

(A)       i           ii          iv         iii

(B)       ii          i           iii         iv

(C)       iii         ii          i           iv

(D)       iv i       ii          ii          i

Answer: (A)

46. Who among the following said “patriotism is religion and religion is love for India”?

(A) Dayananda Saraswati

(B) Rabindranath Tagore

(C) Swami Vivekananda

(D) Bankim Chandra Chatterjee

Answer: (D)

47. Match the List – I with List – II and select the correct answer from the codes given below:

List – I                                                List – II

a. Indian States Commission              i. 1932

b. Communal Award                          ii. 1929

c. Gandhi-Irwin Pact                          iii. 1928

d. Lahore Session of the Congress     iv. 1931

Codes:

a          b          c          d

(A)       iii         i           iv         ii

(B)       ii          iii         iv         i

(C)       iii         ii          i           iv

(D)       iv         i           iii         ii

Answer: (A)

48. Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R).

Assertion (A): Francis Buchanan’s tours of Mysore and Eastern India and Colin Mackenze’s tours of Southern India, can be said to have inaugurated the era of ‘scientific’ understanding of India based on detailed local knowledge.

Reason (R): Both Buchanan and Mackenzie paid attention to India’s distinctiveness, the caste system but both men are haphazard and unsystematic.

Read the above statements and select the correct answers from the codes given below:

Codes:

(A) (A) is correct, but (R) is false.

(B) (A) is incorrect, but (R) is correct.

(C) Both are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

(D) Both are correct and (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

Answer: (D)

49. In 1834, one of the following remarked on the famine that “the bones of the cotton weavers are bleaching the plains of India”:

(A) Dadabhai Naoroji

(B) R.C. Dutt

(C) William Bentinck

(D) Palme Dutt

Answer: (C)

50. Bullionism and favourable balance of trade were the salient features of :

(A) Laissez Faire

(B) Commercialism

(C) Mercantilism

(D) Capitalism

Answer: (C)

51. Match the List – I with List – II and select the correct answer from the codes given below:

List – I                                                            List – II

a. Kuka Revolt in the Punjab                          i. 1861

b. Deposition of the Gaikwad of Baroda       ii. 1869

c. Opening of Suez Canal                               iii. 1872

d. Indian High Courts Act                              iv. 1875

Codes:

a          b          c          d

(A)       ii          iii         i           iv

(B)       iii         iv         ii          i

(C)       iii         ii          i           iv

(D)       iv         i           iii         ii

Answer: (B)

52. The Muslim peasants of Malabar were known as:

(A) Kukis

(B) Jaintia

(C) Moplahs

(D) Wahabis

Answer: (C)

53. One of the following was not a revolutionary leader during the freedom movement:

(A) Lala Haradayal

(B) Birendrakumar Ghosh

(C) Satyendranath Bose

(D) Lal Mohan Ghosh

Answer: (D)

54. Match the List – I with List – II and select the correct answer from the codes given below:

List – I                                                List – II

a. Kandukuri Veeresalingam               i. History of Indian National Congress

b. Madapati Hanumantha Rao            ii. Andhra Patrika

c. Kasinathuni Nageswar Rao             iii. Vivekavardhani

d. Pattabhi Seetaramaiah                    iv. Telanganaloo Andhrodyamam

Codes:

a          b          c          d

(A)       iii         iv         ii          i

(B)       ii          iii         i          iv

(C)       iv         i           ii          iii

(D)       i           ii          iii         iv

Answer: (A)

55. Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R).

Assertion (A): Colonial government considered Gandhi as a spent force politically after 1924.

Reason (R): After 1924 Gandhi remained aloof from direct politics and concentrated on constructive programme and congress itself got divided between ‘no changers’ and ‘pro-changers’.

Read the above statements and select the correct answers from the codes given below:

Codes:

(A) (A) is correct, but (R) is false.

(B) (A) is incorrect, but (R) is correct.

(C) Both are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

(D) Both are correct and (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

Answer: (C)

56. The words ‘Satyameva Jayate’ in the State emblem has been taken from

(A) Mundaka Upanishad

(B) Svetasvatara Upanishad

(C) Isa Upanishad

(D) Chandogya Upanishad

Answer: (A)

57. The Fergusson College at Pune was founded in 1885 by:

(A) The Social Service League

(B) The Servants of India Society

(C) The Deccan Education Society

(D) Poona Sarvajanic Sabha

Answer: (C)

58. Match the List – I (Regions) with List – II (Annexations) and select the correct answer from the codes given below:

List – I                        List – II

a. Punjab                     i. 1848

b. Satara                      ii. 1801

c. Ceded districts        iii. 1856

d. Awadh                    iv. 1849

Codes:

a          b          c          d

(A)       iv         i           ii          iii

(B)       i           iii         iv         ii

(C)       ii          iv         iii         i

(D)       iii         ii          i           iv

Answer: (A)

59. Whom Gandhiji selected as the first satyagrahi to launch the individual satyagraha in October 1940?

(A) Vallabhbhai Patel

(B) Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan

(C) Sarojini Naidu

(D) Dr. Rajendra Prasad

Answer: (D)

60. The command of Indian National Army was given to Subhash Chandra Bose in:

(A) 1941

(B) 1942

(C) 1943

(D) 1944

Answer: (C)

61. From the genesis of Indian National Congress to India’s independence (1885-1947) which leader amongst the following held the post of its President for the longest period?

(A) Maulana Abul Kalam Azad

(B) Jawaharlal Nehru

(C) Gopal Krishna Gokhale

(D) W.C. Bannerjee

Answer: (A)

62. India took a very strong anti-west stand during which one of the following?

(A) Non-Alignment Movement

(B) Suez Canal Crisis

(C) Annexation of French territories in India

(D) Belgrade Summit

Answer: (B)

63. Which leader among the following said Kashmir acceded to the Indian Union because of economic need?

(A) Hari Singh

(B) Shaikh Abdullah

(C) Mehar Chand Mahajan

(D) Jawaharlal Nehru

Answer: (B)

64. The first amendment to Indian Constitution (1951) was enacted to confer power on the States

(A) To place responsible restrictions on freedom of expression.

(B) To adopt Hindu Succession Bill.

(C) To abolish zamindari system

(D) None of the above

Answer: (A)

65. Which one of the following books is not authored by R.S. Sharma?

(A) Sudras in Ancient India

(B) Urban decay in India

(C) From Lineage to State

(D) Material Culture and Social Formation in Ancient India

Answer: (C)

66. Which one of the following statements is incorrect concerning historical objectivity?

(A) Historical objectivity is not linked up with value judgement.

(B) It means dispassionate and scientific treatment of all the events narrated by the historian.

(C) Historical objectivity is conditional to the nature and selection of events and the personality of the historian who functions under limitation.

(D) Ideological differences often prevent the historian from attaining historical objectivity.

Answer: (A)

67. Concerning post-modernist theory which one of the following is incorrect?

(A) The post-modernist contentions are as arbitrary in their ascription of meaning as the text of the historians who use them.

(B) When language is said to be an infinite play of meanings, anything written becomes a mere arrangement of words a discourse.

(C) The post-modern linguistic turn cuts the very ground on which historical studies stand.

(D) Hostility to history is not a marked character of post-modernist thought.

Answer: (D)

68. Which one of the following statements is correct concerning the Mughal theory of kingship?

(A) The Mughal theory of kingship was an admixture of Turkish, Mongol and Islamic ideals.

(B) There was a conceptual change in the theory of kingship advocated by the Delhi sultans and the Mughals.

(C) The Mughal theory of kingship evolved gradually and obtained final shape during the reign of Akbar.

(D) All of the above.

Answer: (D)

69. Who among the following is not associated with the Utopian Socialists?

(A) Saint Simon

(B) Charles Fourier

(C) Friedrich Engels

(D) Robert Owen

Answer: (C)

70. Which one of the following objectives relates to Indian foreign policy initiatives?

(A) Preservation of world-peace

(B) Extension of human freedom

(C) Opposition to colonialism and racialism

(D) All of the above

Answer: (D)

Read the following passage and answer the following five questions: (Nos. 71 to 75)

The drive to acquire political control of tropical regions was almost universal among major European nations in the nineteenth century. Where did the empires sprang from – a greed for territory, a lust for power, accidental circumstances, or an economic motive?

J.A. Hobson suggested that empires rose to protect European investments abroad at a time when the need to export capital was acute because of falling rates of return on capital at home. Competition for colonies, Hobson believed, was behind the conflicts that dragged these powers into waging war against each other.

The imperialists believed that they were protecting home investment when expanding territories remains weak. The more common motives cited were markets for goods and opening for emigration, not export of capital. Investments were seen as a means rather than the end. Different strands emphasised by industrial bourgeoisie or bankers and financiers. But the common point was that the profit, seeking led the capitalists to expand political control.

J. Gallagher and R. Robinson proposed that in the mid-nineteenth century, Britain had already established an‘informal empire’ secured by commercial, cultural and diplomatic links. The informal empire could take care of the economic interests well enough. The change from informal to formal empire was driven not by economic motives but by global and local political rivalries.

Large economic gains were made by owning colonies that would strengthen the role of a profit motive and in turn capitalist interest behind imperialism.

71. The European drive for control of tropical countries sprand from:

(A) Greed for territory

(B) Lust for power

(C) Economic motives

(D) To overpower other European nations

Answer: (D)

72. J.A. Hobson’s suggestions for the establishment of empires:

(A) To protect European investments

(B) Acute need for export capital

(C) To de-industrialise

(D) Falling rates of returns on capital at home

Answer: (C)

73. One of the following was not the motive of imperialists to control tropical countries:

(A) To protect home investments

(B) Markets for goods

(C) Opening for emigration

(D) Proselytization in tropical countries

Answer: (D)

74. Industrial bourgeoisie took stand to expand political control for:

(A) Profit seeking

(B) To annihilate quarrelling tropical political powers

(C) To make adventurous trips

(D) To establish schools, hospitals and philanthropic activities

Answer: (A)

75. Change from informal to formal empires was driven by the idea of:

(A) Economic motives

(B) Global and political rivalries

(C) Diplomatic links

(D) Cultural and religious links

Answer: (B)

1. Match List-I (authors) with List-II (definitions of history) and select the correct answer with the help of the codes given below:

List – I                        List – II

(Authors)                     (Definitions of History)

(a) Oakshott                (i) All history is history of thought.

(b) Travelyan               (ii) History is herself simply a science, no less and no more.

(c) Collingwood          (iii) The fact is … that the past in history varies with the present.

(d) Bury                      (iv) The value of history is not scientific. Its true value is educational.

Codes:

       (a) (b) (c) (d)

(A) (iii) (iv) (i) (ii)

(B) (ii) (iii) (iv) (i)

(C) (iv) (ii) (iii) (i)

(D) (iv) (iii) (i) (ii)

Answer: (A)

2. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer from the code given below:

List – I                                    List – II

(a) Paleolithic                         (i) Ground stone tools

(b) Mesolithic                          (ii) Rock painting

(c) Neolithic                            (iii) Flaked stone tools

(d) Upper Paleolithic               (iv) Micro lithic tools

Codes:

       (a) (b) (c) (d)

(A) (i) (iv) (ii) (iii)

(B) (iii) (i) (iv) (ii)

(C) (iii) (iv) (i) (ii)

(D) (ii) (iii) (iv) (i)

Answer: (C)

3. The largest number of Harappan sites has been found on the bank of the river

(A) Indus

(B) Satluj

(C) Saraswati

(D) Ravi

Answer: (C)

4. What was the unique feature of the Harappan civilization which was unknown to other contemporary civilizations?

(A) Cotton Cloth

(B) Palatial Houses

(C) Steatite Seals

(D) Carnelian Beads

Answer: (A)

5. Match List-I (Place name) with List-II (Geographical location) and select the correct answer from the code given below:

List – I                        List – II

(a) Meluha                   (i) Bahrin

(b) Dilmun                   (ii) Indus Region

(c) Makan                    (iii) Central Asia

(d) Kurgaon                (iv) Makaran Coast

Codes:

      (a) (b) (c) (d)

(A) (i) (iii) (iv) (ii)

(B) (iv) (i) (ii) (iii)

(C) (ii) (i) (iv) (iii)

(D) (iii) (i) (iv) (ii)

Answer: (C)

6. Who was the first to propound the theory of Aryan invasion on India?

(A) R.E.M. Wheeler

(B) Gorden V. Childe

(C) J. Marshall

(D) R.P. Chanda

Answer: (D)

7. The famous philosopher king of the kingdom of Panchala during the later Vedic period was

(A) Ajatasatru

(B) Parikshita

(C) PravahanaJaivali

(D) Svetaketu

Answer: (C)

8. Who among the following Dharmasutra writers does not approve the system of Niyoga?

(A) Gautama

(B) Apastamba

(C) Baudhayana

(D) Vasishtha

Answer: (B)

9. Several names of Kautilya have been mentioned in which one of the following?

(A) Devi-Chandra-Guptam

(B) Dasa-Kumara-Charita

(C) Mudrarakshasa

(D) Abhidhana-Chintamani

Answer: (D)

10. Which among the following places is not associated with the Megalithic culture?

(A) Chandragiri

(B) Brahmagiri

(C) Adichchanallur

(D) Utnur

Answer: (C)

11. What is the correct chronological order of the following Greco-Roman authors?

(a) Ktesias

(b) Pliny

(c) Strabo

(d) Ptolemy

(A) (b), (c), (d), (a)

(B) (a), (c), (b), (d)

(C) (c), (d), (a), (b)

(D) (d), (b), (c), (a)

Answer: (B)

12. The seat of the third great Sangam of Tamil authors was at

(A) Gangaikond Cholapuram

(B) Kanchi

(C) Madura

(D) Tanjavur

Answer: (C)

13. Which among the following was not a port city during the ancient period?

(A) Tuticorin

(B) Poompuhar

(C) Tamralipti

(D) Nagapatnam

Answer: (A)

14. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer from the code given below:

List – I                                    List – II

(a) RomakaSidhanta               (i) Arabian’s influence

(b) Rouletted Ware                 (ii) Greek’s influence

(c) Surkhi                                (iii) Roman’s influence

(d) Algebra                              (iv) Kushan’sinfluence

Codes:

       (a) (b) (c) (d)

(A) (ii) (iii) (iv) (i)

(B) (iii) (ii) (iv) (i)

(C) (iv) (ii) (iii) (i)

(D) (i) (iii) (ii) (iv)

Answer: (A)

15. Which one of the following inscriptions mentions the names of both Chandragupta and Ashoka?

(A) Allahabad Pillar inscription of Samudragupta.

(B) Junagarh inscription of Rudradaman.

(C) Shahbajgarhi inscription of Ashoka.

(D) Hathigumpha inscription of Kharvela.

Answer: (B)

16. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer from the code given below:

List – I                        List – II

(a) Nyāya                    (i) Jamini

(b) Vaiseshika             (ii) Kapila

(c) Sānkhya                 (iii) Kaāda

(d) Mimansa                (iv) Gautam

Codes:

       (a) (b) (c) (d)

(A) (iii) (iv) (ii) (i)

(B) (ii) (iii) (i) (iv)

(C) (iv) (iii) (ii) (i)

(D) (iv) (i) (iii) (ii)

Answer: (C)

17. In connection with Satvahana coins which one of the following statement is not correct?

(A) They did not issue gold coins.

(B) They issued gold coins.

(C) They issued lead coins.

(D) They issued potin coins.

Answer: (B)

18. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer from codes given below:

List – I                        List – II

(a) Kodumanal            (i) Pallava Temple

(b) Gangaikondan       (ii) Port City

(c) Mahabalipuram      (iii) Trade Centre

(d) Poompuhar            (iv) Chola Seat of Power

Codes:

       (a) (b) (c) (d)

(A) (ii) (iv) (i) (iii)

(B) (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)

(C) (ii) (iii) (iv) (i)

(D) (iii) (iv) (i) (ii)

Answer: (D)

19. With which of the following eras was the Malava-reckoning identical?

(A) Vikrama

(B) Śaka

(C) Gupta

(D) Kali

Answer: (A)

20. In which among the following a reference to the trading activities of the Tamils is found?

(A) Mullaippattu

(B) Nedunalvadai

(C) Silappadigaram

(D) Manimekhalai

Answer: (C)

21. The writer of Kural, the famous Deccan epic was

(A) Kamban

(B) Ottakuttan

(C) Puglenid

(D) Tiru-Valluvar

Answer: (D)

22. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer from the code given below:

List – I                                    List – II

(a) Tolkāppiyama                    (i) Jain Philosophy

(b) Tir–ukkural                        (ii) Love Story

(c) Silappadikāram                  (iii) Tamil Grammar

(d) Paripā ′ dal                        (iv) Philosophy

Codes:

       (a) (b) (c) (d)

(A) (iii) (ii) (i) (iv)

(B) (iii) (i) (ii) (iv)

(C) (i) (iii) (ii) (iv)

(D) (ii) (i) (iii) (iv)

Answer: (B)

23. Which Indian epigraph yields the first evidence of zero?

(A) Apsad inscription of Adityasena.

(B) Gwalior inscription of Bhojdeva.

(C) Nasik inscription of Gotamiputra Satkarni.

(D) Hathigumpha inscription of Kharvela.

Answer: (B)

24. Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R):

Assertion (A): Pallava King Mahendra-Varman I built some of the finest rock-cut Hindu temples, including, those at Mahabalipuram.

Reason (R): Mahendra-Varman I began life as a Jaina but was converted to Shaivism.

In the context of the above statements, which one of the following is correct?

(A) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.

(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.

Answer: (A)

25. Arrange the following into sequential order and select the correct answer from the codes given below:

(i) RajarajaChola I

(ii) AdityaChola

(iii) RajendraChola

(iv) ParantakaChola I

Codes:

(A) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

(B) (ii), (iv), (i), (iii)

(C) (iii), (iv), (ii), (i)

(D) (iv), (iii), (i), (ii)

Answer: (B)

26. Which of the following statements are not correct?

1. Iltutmish’s tomb is an indication of the mixing of the Hindu and Muslim traditions of architecture.

2. First true arch was used in the tomb of Sultan Nasiruddin Mahmud.

3. The horse shoe arch was used for the first time in the construction of Alai Darwaza.

4. Architectural device known as double dome was not used in any building constructed during the Sultanate period.

Select your answer from the codes given below:

Codes:

(A) 1, 3, 4

(B) 2, 4

(C) 1, 3

(D) 2, 3, 4

Answer: (B)

27. The period from 1236 to 1296 witnessed the reign of

(A) Five Sultans

(B) Seven Sultans

(C) Ten Sultans

(D) Twelve Sultans

Answer: (C)

28. Which of the following statements is not correct?

(A) In Delhi Sultanate use of slave labour in craft production was significant.

(B) Slaves were also used for unskilled, domestic work.

(C) Sultan FiruzTughlaq had 12,000 artisans among his slaves.

(D) Immigrant Muslim masons were employed for the construction of Sultanate buildings, including both mosques and tombs.

Answer: (D)

29. Which crops were not cultivated in India during the Sultanate period?

1. Potato

2. Barley

3. Sesame

4. Maize

Select your answer from the codes given below:

Codes:

(A) 1, 2, 3

(B) 1, 2

(C) 1, 4

(D) 3, 4

Answer: (C)

30. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer from the codes given below:

List – I                                                List – II

(Rulers of Delhi Sultanate)                 (Measure or event)

(a) Jalaluddin Khalji                            (i) Conquest of Bengal

(b) Alauddin Khalji                             (ii) Establishment of the Department of Public Works

(c) Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq                    (iii) Execution of Sidi Maula

(d) Firuz Shah Tughlaq                       (iv) Conquest of Malwa and Gujarat

Codes:

       (a) (b) (c) (d)

(A) (i) (iv) (iii) (ii)

(B) (iii) (iv) (i) (ii)

(C) (iv) (iii) (i) (ii)

(D) (i) (iii) (iv) (ii)

Answer: (B)

31. The names of the three successors of Khizr Khan, the founder of the Saiyyid dynasty, are given below:

(i) Mabarak Shah

(ii) Alauddin Alam Shah

(iii) Muhammad Shah

Which of the following sequences represents the correct chronological order?

(A) (i), (ii), (iii)

(B) (i), (iii), (ii)

(C) (iii), (ii), (i)

(D) (ii), (iii), (i)

Answer: (B)

32. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer from the codes given below:

List – I                                    List – II

(Sufi terminology)                   (Meaning)

(a) Futuh                                 (i) Sufi musical gathering

(b) Sama                                  (ii) Conversations of Sufi saints

(c) Barkat                                (iii) Unasked for charity

(d) Malfuz                               (iv) Spiritual grace acquired by a Sufi

Codes:

       (a) (b) (c) (d)

(A) (i) (iii) (ii) (iv)

(B) (iii) (i) (iv) (ii)

(C) (iii) (ii) (i) (iv)

(D) (iv) (iii) (ii) (i)

Answer: (B)

33. Who calls the political economy of the Vijayanagara regime of the sixteenth century as feudal?

(A) N. Karashima

(B) Burton Stein

(C) K.V. Ramesh

(D) N. Venkataramanyya

Answer: (A)

34. Consider the following statements:

(i) Guru Nanak was interested in all the major forms of contemporary religious beliefs and practices whether “Hindu” or “Muslim”.

(ii) Guru Nanak was soft on the Jain monks.

(iii) He considered ritual reading of scriptures as waste of time.

(iv) During the last fifteen years of his life Guru Nanak settled at Kiratpur.

Which of the above statements are not correct? Select your answer from the codes given below:

Codes:

(A) (i) and (ii)

(B) (i) and (iv)

(C) (ii) and (iii)

(D) (ii) and (iv)

Answer: (D)

35. Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R):

Assertion (A): Like his father and Surs, Humayan was not willing to recognize any power politically superior to him.

Reason (R): He himself assumed the title of Khalifa.

In the context of the above statements, which one of the followings is correct?

Codes:

(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.

(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.

Answer: (C)

36. Who stated that the ‘best place for a woman is the purdah or the grave?

(A) Amir Khusrau

(B) Isami

(C) Badauni

(D) Shaikh Ahmad Sirhindi

Answer: (C)

37. Who justified Mughal attack on Malwa by saying that Baz Bahadur occupied himself with “unlawful and vicious practices”?

(A) Nizamuddin Ahmad

(B) Abdul Qadir Badauni

(C) Arif Qandhari

(D) Abul Fazl

Answer: (A)

38. Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R):

Assertion (A): The art of painting reached its highest watermark during Jahanagir’s reign.

Reason (R): He was not interested in other forms of art.

In the context of the above statements, which one of the following is correct?

Codes:

(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.

(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.

Answer: (C)

39. Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion (A) and other labelled as Reason (R).

Assertion (A): The advent of the European trading companies in India adversely affected India’s export trade during the seventeenth century.

Reason (R): Large quantities of silver found its way into India due to the trading activities of the English East India Company in the seventeenth century.

In the context of the above statements, which one of the following is correct? Select the correct answer from the codes given below:

Codes:

(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.

(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.

Answer: (D)

40. Which of the following officers was not associated with the administration of cities in the Mughal Empire?

(A) Nazim

(B) Qazi

(C) Mir-i-adl

(D) Kotwal

Answer: (A)

41. Consider the following statements:

(i) Shah Jahan discontinued Jharokhadarshan and tuladana.

(ii) Shah Jahan refused to grant land to Shanti Das, the leading Jain Jeweller and banker of Ahmedabad to build a resting place for Jain saints.

(iii) Shah Jahan banned mixed marriages between Hindus and Muslims in Kashmir.

(iv) Shah Jahan exempted the theologians from offering Sijda.

Which of the above statements are not correct? Select the correct answer from the codes given below:

Codes:

(A) (i) and (ii)

(B) (ii) and (iii)

(C) (ii) and (iv)

(D) (i) and (iv)

Answer: (A)

42. Which Mughal Court Chronicle given an account of the Ahom Kingdom of Assam?

(A) Padshahnama

(B) Alamgirnama

(C) Futuhat-i-Alamgiri

(D) Maasir-i-Alamgiri

Answer: (B)

43. Which historian has spoken of tripartite relationship between zamindars, jagirdars and peasants as the reason for the crisis of the Mughal Empire and its decline?

(A) Stephan P. Blake

(B) M. Athar Ali

(C) Satish Chandra

(D) C.A. Bayly

Answer: (C)

44. Consider the following statements:

(i)Shivaji could check the Deccan power from intruding into his swaraj territory.

(ii) He could plunder Surat in 1664.

(iii) He could withstand the attacks of Shaista Khan and MirzaRaja Jai Singh.

(iv) Bijapur and Golconda were annexed by the Mughals to undermine the position of Shivaji.

Which of the above statements are not correct? Select the correct answer from the codes given below:

Codes:

(A) (i) and (iii)

(B) (i) and (iv)

(C) (ii) and (iii)

(D) (iii) and (iv)

Answer: (D)

45. Which of the following pairs is not correctly matched?

(A) Ahdi Gentleman trooper

(B) Ashraf A person of noble birth

(C) Jama-i-Kamil Assessment of revenue at normal rate

(D) SiwanahNigar News reporter

Answer: (C)

46. Which of the following statements is not correct?

(A) Horses constituted a very large item of India’s overland import.

(B) VirjiVohra was one of the prominent merchants of Suratduring the 17thcentury.

(C) The Portuguese dominated India’s maritime trade during the 17thcentury.

(D) Many Mughal nobles participated in trade and commerce during the 17thcentury.

Answer: (C)

47. Which of the following statements is not correct?

(A) Monetary system of the Mughals was largely based on silver rupaiya.

(B) The Mughal rulers from Babur to Shah Jahan continued to harbour territorial ambitions in Central Asia.

(C) There was no middle class in Mughal India.

(D) The period 1605-1658 witnessed significant changes in the Mansab and Jagir systems.

Answer: (C)

48. Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R):

Assertion (A): With the acquisition of Diwani of Bengal the Company directly organized the ‘drain of wealth’.

Reason (R): The Company began to send to England the revenue of Bengal through what were called “Investment”.

In the context of the above statements, which one of the following is correct?

(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.

(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.

Answer: (A)

49. The biggest British capital investment in India was made in

(A) The Jute Mills

(B) The Railways, Banking, Insurance and Shipping.

(C) The Tea and Coffee Plantations.

(D) The Indigo Plantations.

Answer: (B)

50. Who said: ‘The misery hardly finds a parallel in the history of commerce. The bones of the cotton weavers are bleaching the plains of India.”?

(A) William Bentinck

(B) G.M. Trevelyan

(C) C. Metcalfe

(D) Lord. Auckland

Answer: (A)

51. Who said, “Imparting education to natives is our moral duty”?

(A) Warren Hastings

(B) Wellesly

(C) William Bentinck

(D) Lord Moira

Answer: (D)

52. After 1833 the single biggest source of drain of Indian wealth to Britain was

(A) Export of opium

(B) Export of indigo

(C) British capital investment in India

(D) Export of cotton

Answer: (C)

53. Which of the following is not one of the causes responsible for the rise of moneylenders in British India?

(A) New Revenue Policy

(B) New Legal System

(C) New Educational System

(D) Commercialization of Agriculture

Answer: (C)

54. What was the common feature between the Wahabi and Kuka movements?

(A) Both began as religious movement, but drifted to become political movement.

(B) Both were political and economic movement.

(C) Both followed the path of Ahinsa.

(D) Both not suffered from certain weaknesses, such as communal passions, fanaticism and division with ranks.

Answer: (A)

55. Who of the following was the biographer of Raja Rammohan Roy?

(A) Armstrong

(B) Mary Carpenter

(C) David Havel

(D) Lawrence

Answer: (B)

56. The LexLoci Act gave

(A) No right over the ancestral properties for the Christian converts.

(B) The Christian converts the right to inherit their ancestral properties.

(C) No right over the ancestral properties for the converts from Buddhist religion.

(D) The right to inherit the ancestralproperties for the converts fromJain religion.

Answer: (B)

57. Due to whose efforts Widow Remarriage Act was passed?

(A) Raja Rammohan Roy

(B) IshwarchandraVidyasagar

(C) D.K. Karve

(D) M.G. Ranade

Answer: (B)

58. In which year the Indian association for the cultivation of science was established?

(A) 1874

(B) 1875

(C) 1876

(D) 1877

Answer: (C)

59. The Act Prohibiting Child Marriages was passed in 1891 due to the efforts of

(A) Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagarand Jyotiba Phule.

(B) Mahadev Govind Ranade and JyotibaPhule.

(C) Keshab Chandra Sen and Behramji Malabari.

(D) Keshab Chandra Sen and Mahadev Govind Ranade.

Answer: (C)

60. Shri Narayan Dharma Paripalana Yogam of Kerala worked for

(A) Upliftment of dalits and peasants.

(B) Women’s education.

(C) Eradication of child labour.

(D) The Hindu widow remarriage.

Answer: (A)

61. The name ‘Indian National Congress’ was given by

(A) Dadabhai Naoroji

(B) M.G. Ranade

(C) S.N. Bannerjee

(D) A.O. Hume

Answer: (A)

62. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer with the help of the codes given below:

List – I                                    List – II

(Name)                                    (Newspaper)

(a) Abul Kalam Azad              i Bombay Chronicle

(b) Pheroze Shah Mehta          ii Al Hilal

(c) Mrs. Annie Besant             iii Young India

(d) Mahatma Gandhi              iv New India

Codes:

     (a) (b) (c) (d)

(A) ii i iv iii

(B) i ii iv iii

(C) ii i iii iv

(D) iv i ii iii

Answer: (A)

63. Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R).

Assertion (A): Avesta is the sacred book of Parsis.

Reason (R): Madam Cama made significant contribution in reforming the Parsi society and uplifting the Parsi women.

In the context of the above statements, which one of the following is correct?

(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not a correct explanation of (A).

(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.

(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.

Answer: (B)

64. The first woman who got nominated to the Madras Legislative Council in 1927 was

(A) Muthulakshmi Reddy

(B) Sister Subbalakshmi

(C) Mehribai Tata

(D) Margaret Counsins

Answer: (A)

65. The Indian National Congress became a real mass based political party after the

(A) Nagpur Session of the Congress in 1891.

(B) Nagpur Session of the Congress in 1920.

(C) Kanpur Session of the Congress in 1928.

(D) Faizpur Session of the Congress in 1936.

Answer: (B)

66. Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R).

Assertion (A): Soon after the resignation of the Congress Ministries in the provinces in 1939, the Muslim League observed a deliverance day.

Reason (R): Ambedkar supported it.

In the context of the above statements, which one of the following is correct?

(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

(B) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.

(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.

Answer: (B)

67. Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R).

Assertion (A): After the Civil War in U.S.A. blacks faced difficulty regarding voting right.

Reason (R): Some Southern States of U.S.A. made it mandatory to have either the name of grandfather or father in the electoral list of 1860.

(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

(C) (A) is true and (R) is false.

(D) (A) is false and (R) is true.

Answer: (A)

68. Who among the following said: “To define the postmodernism is not just to define a term. It is to characterize the present age and to assess how we should respond to it.”?

(A) J.F. Lyotard

(B) Arran Gare

(C) J.G. Merquior

(D) None of the above

Answer: (B)

69. Consider the following statements and point out the one which is incorrect in the context of research methodology:

(A) Subjective approach in Historical writing makes it possible to present a true picture of the past.

(B) External and internal criticism helps the historian to establish the authenticity of the records.

(C) To critically analyze the past happenings the historian needs to know the order of their occurrence.

(D) Historical records of the past may not be wholly authentic or genuine to ascertain facts.

Answer: (A)

70. Consider the following statement: ‘Before the scientific revolution of 17th century, history writing in the west suffered from certain weaknesses.’

Which one of the following justifies the above?

(A) Most of the writers were ignorant about the idea of change through time.

(B) The subject matter of history was treated more or less as a branch of literature or philosophy.

(C) Both (A) and (B)

(D) None of the above

Answer: (C)

The recruitment of the company’s army in the eighteenth century was not just building on the existing traditions of the North Indian military labour market; those traditions were being adopted to British imperial preferences. The recruitment system for example, endorsed the traditional British preference for peasants as best potential recruits and followed the colonial stereotypes that wheat-eating Indians rather than the rice-eating groups were physically more suitable for the job, although such ethnic stereotyping became a much more important factor in army recruitment in the late nineteenth century rather than in the eighteenth. During the initial formative phase, Hastings did not want to disturb the existing caste rules in the affairs of the army. So the Company’s army consisted mainly of upper caste Brahman and Rajput landed peasants from Awadh and the Rajput and Bhumihar Brahman peasants from north and south Bihar-both wheat eating regions. These people joined the Company’s army because the pay, allowances, pension and resettlement provisions offered by the Company were much better than those offered by the regional States, and what was most important, salaries were paid regularly. The deliberate policy of respecting caste, dietary, travel and others religious practices of the Sepoys fostered a high caste identity of the Company’s army. By joining it many of the upcoming socially ambitious castes like the Bhumihar- Brahmans could fulfill their aspirations for social mobility. Cornwallis, despite his preference for Anglicisation, did not disturb this specific organization of the army, and as a result, the Company came to possess a high caste army, which was prone to revolt when their social privileges and pecuniary benefits were cut from the 1820s. As the Company’s territories expanded to the west beyond the Bengal frontiers into the mountainous Jungle Terai, in the 1770s and then into the Ceded and Conquered Districts in 1802 there was another attempt to recruit from among the hill tribes. While in the plains the Company ran permanent recruitment centers, in the hills recruitment was made through local notables and payment was offered through the Mughal system of ghatwali service tenures. The defeat of the Indian States, particularly of Mysore in the late eighteenth and of the Marathas in the early nineteenth centuries created another vast reservoir of surplus armed manpower to recruit from; but the Company’s army could not absorb all the disbanded soldiers of the Indian princes. Then from 1815 there was another experiment to recruit Gurkha soldiers from among the Nepalis, Garwahlis, and Sirmourihill men. A skillful blending of the Nepali martial tradition and European training and discipline made the Gurkhas the most trusted soldiers in the British army.

71. The recruitment of the Company’s army was based on

(A) The existing traditions of military labour market.

(B) Preferred peasants as best potential recruits.

(C) Colonial stereotypes.

(D) Physically suitable.

Answer: (AB)

72. The Company’s army consisted of

(A) Upper Caste Brahman and Rajput.

(B) Landed Peasants from Bihar and Bengal.

(C) People from rice eating regions.

(D) People only from South.

Answer: (A)

73. What kind of payment system British followed in army recruitment?

(A) Malgujari

(B) Ghatwali

(C) Mahalwari

(D) Yadgari

Answer: (B)

74. Company could not absorb disbanded soldiers after early nineteenth century because

(A) It had surplus army.

(B) Company was weak economically.

(C) Company did not want more Indian force.

(D) Of religious considerations.

Answer: (A)

75. Gurkhas became most trusted soldiers because

(A) They were experts in martial art.

(B) They were hill men.

(C) They were disciplined.

(D) They were experts in Guerilla war.

Answer: (A)