Human Rights and Duties 2012 June UGC NET Solved Question Paper III
1. Franchise means:
(A) Vote
(B) Right to vote
(C) Right to vote granted to woman
(D) Right to vote granted to man
Answer: (B)
2. Which Article says “No person shall be deprived of his life or personal liberty except according to procedure established by law”?
(A) 19
(B) 32
(C) 21
(D) 51–A
Answer: (C)
3. When a person is arrested, the police cannot keep the accused in its custody for more than
(A) 36 hours
(B) 24 hours
(C) 12 hours
(D) 48 hours
Answer: (B)
4. International Women’s Day is celebrated on
(A) 10th January
(B) 24th January
(C) 8th March
(D) 22nd February
Answer: (C)
5. United Nations decade for Human Rights Education was
(A) 1965-1974
(B) 1985-1994
(C) 1995-2004
(D) 2000-2009
Answer: (C)
6. Which one of the following is the correct position according to Art.1 of the I.C.C.P.R?
(A) No one shall be held in slavery.
(B) All peoples have the right to self-determination.
(C) No one shall be imprisoned merely on the ground of inability to fulfill a contractual obligation.
(D) Every one shall have the right to recognition everywhere as a person before the law.
Answer: (B)
7. Which document incorporated the following statement relating to Refugee women?
“States, in exercise of their sovereignty, are free to adopt the interpretation that women asylum seekers who face harsh or inhuman treatment due to their having transgressed the social mores of the society in which they live may be considered as a “particular social group” within the meaning of Article 1A(2) of the 1951 United Nations Refugee Convention”.
(A) UNHCR Executive Committee conclusion on Refugee woman and international protection.
(B) UNHCR guidelines on the protection of Refugee women.
(C) Canadian guidelines on Women Refugee.
(D) None of the above
Answer: (A)
8. Which UN Agency was established to contribute to peace and security by promoting international collaboration through education, science and culture in order to further universal respect for justice, the rule of law and the human rights proclaimed in the UN Charter?
(A) UNESCO
(B) UNHCR
(C) UNIDO
(D) IBRD
Answer: (A)
9. The United Nations convention on the right of persons with disabilities came into force in
(A) 2007
(B) 2008
(C) 2009
(D) 2010
Answer: (C)
10. The ICTY and ICTR were established by
(A) UN General Assembly
(B) UN Security Council
(C) Human Rights Council
(D) International Court of Justice
Answer: (B)
11. The statement that “All human rights are universal, indivisible and interdependent and interrelated” is associated with
(A) Universal Declaration of Human Rights – 1948
(B) Tehran Conference – 1969
(C) Vienna Conference – 1993
(D) Beijing Conference – 1995
Answer: (C)
12. Which one of the following is not an NGO campaigning for Human Rights?
(A) Amnesty International
(B) World Watch
(C) PUCL
(D) NHRC
Answer: (D)
13. ‘Apartheid’ term came to be linked with a practice of discrimination in which of the following countries?
(A) South Africa
(B) South America
(C) Tanzania
(D) Mozambique
Answer: (A)
14. By which constitutional amendment Parliament acquired the right to amend fundamental rights?
(A) 21st
(B) 22nd
(C) 23rd
(D) 24th
Answer: (D)
15. The fundamental rights can be suspended only through the constitutional process by the order of
(A) The Governor
(B) The President
(C) The Prime Minister
(D) The Union Cabinet
Answer: (B)
16. Guantanamo Bay was in news for
(A) Torturing war detainees
(B) U.N. climate conference
(C) Tsunami
(D) Uprising
Answer: (A)
17. Which one of the following is not a feature of the definition of “minority” proposed by Francesco Capotorti?
(A) Sense of insecurity
(B) Numerical inferiority
(C) Political non-dominant position
(D) Ethnic, religious or linguistic characteristics
Answer: (A)
18. The case, State of Arunachal Pradesh V. Khudiram Chakma, 1994 is concerned with
(A) Minorities
(B) SCs and STs
(C) Torture
(D) Refugees
Answer: (D)
19. The Indian Civil Liberties Union (ICLU) was established in 1936. The prominent members associated with ICLU were
(i) Jawahar Lal Nehru
(ii) Rabindra Nath Tagore
(iii) Mahatma Gandhi
(iv) M.A. Jinna
(A) (i) and (ii)
(B) (ii) and (iii)
(C) (iii) and (iv)
(D) None of the above
Answer: (A)
20. Which one of the following country is party to 1951 Refugee Convention?
(A) Afghanistan
(B) India
(C) Pakistan
(D) Bangladesh
Answer: (A)
21. Which one of the following is included in article 30 of the Indian Constitution?
(A) Right to freedom of religion
(B) Right to education
(C) Right to conserve language, script or culture
(D) Right to establish and administer educational institution of their own choice
Answer: (D)
22. Bentham was a supporter of the theory of
(A) Natural Right
(B) Historical Right
(C) Moral Right
(D) Legal Right
Answer: (D)
23. Who said: “Right is a reasonable claim recognised by society and enforced by the State”?
(A) Laski
(B) Locke
(C) Green
(D) Bosanquet
Answer: (D)
24. Which one of the following right was described by Dr. Ambedkar as the ‘heart and soul’ of the Constitution?
(A) Right to equality
(B) Right against exploitation
(C) Right to constitutional remedies
(D) Right to freedom of expression
Answer: (C)
25. In which case the Supreme Court of India used the right to life to secure the right to emergency medical care, concluding that such an essential obligation could not be avoided by pleading financial constraints?
(A) Paschim Bangal Khet Samityvs. State of West Bengal
(B) M.C. Mehta vs. UOI & others
(C) Unnikrishnan vs. State of A.P and others
(D) Mohini Jain vs. State of Karnataka
Answer: (A)
26. The Supreme Court of India expanded the reach of the Article 21 to also include the right to livelihood in
(A) D.K. Basu case
(B) Olga Tellis case
(C) Menaka Gandhi case
(D) Mohini Jain case
Answer: (B)
27. Which of the following were added to the Directive Principles through constitutional amendments?
(i) Protection and improvement of environment and safeguarding of wildlife.
(ii) Right of workers to participate in management of industries.
(iii) Right to work.
(iv) Protection and maintenance of places of historic interest.
Codes:
(A) (i)
(B) (ii) and (iv)
(C) (i), (ii) and (iv)
(D) (i) and (ii)
Answer: (A)
28. The International Court of Justice is located in
(A) Paris
(B) Geneva
(C) The Hague
(D) Brussels
Answer: (C)
29. In which part of the Indian Constitution are fundamental rights enshrined?
(A) Part – I
(B) Part – III
(C) Part – II
(D) Part – IV
Answer: (B)
30. Magna Carta is a part of the constitutional history of
(A) Japan
(B) France
(C) England
(D) China
Answer: (C)
31. Which of the following is concerned with issues of children?
(A) IUCN
(B) CRC
(C) UNDP
(D) ICC
Answer: (B)
32. Freedom from torture is
(A) Inherent right
(B) Derogable human right
(C) Absolute right
(D) None of the above
Answer: (C)
33. Human behaviour is result of sex, was said by
(A) Karl Marx
(B) Sigmund Freud
(C) Mahatma Gandhi
(D) Charlton Heston
Answer: (B)
34. Theory of Economic Determinism was laid down by
(A) Baba Saheb Ambedkar
(B) Jawaharlal Nehru
(C) Indira Gandhi
(D) Karl Marx
Answer: (D)
35. To which of the following conventions India is not a party?
(A) CEDAW
(B) Convention against torture
(C) Convention on rights of the child
(D) Covenant on civil & political rights
Answer: (B)
Question Nos. 36 – 45 contains two statements one labelled as Assertion (A)and the other as Reason (R). Examine whether the statements are correct and related to each other with the help of the codes given below:
36. Assertion (A): The social and political justice pledged by the
Preamble of the Constitution to be secured to all citizens will remain a myth unless first economic justice is guaranteed to all.
Reason (R): Justice is object of law.
Codes:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true, and(R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Answer: (B)
37. Assertion (A): In ancient India during the time of the Aryans, women enjoyed full and complete freedom and equality with men.
Reason (R): Because at that time women were stronger than men and therefore men were afraid of women.
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Answer: (C)
38. Assertion (A): Child labour is illegal.
Reason (R): Child is father of man.
Codes:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true, (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, (R) is true.
Answer: (A)
39. Assertion (A): Since its inception the United Nations has maintained that reproductive freedom is a basic human right.
Reason (R): Reproduction is necessary for human race.
Codes:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true and (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false and (R) is true.
Answer: (B)
40. Assertion (A): Untouchability is abolished and its practice in any form is forbidden.
Reason (R): Untouchability is unethical.
Codes:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true, (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, (R) is true.
Answer: (A)
41. Assertion (A): Civil and political rights envisage the right to life.
Reason (R): Life is precious.
Codes:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is right, but (R) is wrong.
(D) (A) is wrong, but (R) is right.
Answer: (B)
42. Assertion (A): Senior citizens have served the nation throughout their working lives, now they are entitled to be maintained by the State.
Reason (R): The State is Welfare State.
Codes:
(A) (A) and (R) both are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) (A) and (R) both are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true, (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, (R) is true.
Answer: (A)
43. Assertion (A): Procedure of law must be reasonable and fair.
Reason (R): Procedural law should not violate Human Rights.
Codes:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true, (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, (R) is true.
Answer: (A)
44. Assertion (A): In India only in the “rarest of rare cases” of murders death penalty can be imposed.
Reason (R): Supreme Court of India has decided that special reasons have to be given for sentencing a person imposing death.
Codes:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is correct, but (R) is incorrect.
(D) (A) is incorrect, but (R) is correct.
Answer: (A)
45. Assertion (A): No one shall be subject to arbitrary arrest or imprisonment.
Reason (R): Arrest and imprisonment are unethical.
Codes:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true, (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, (R) is true.
Answer: (C)
46. Arrange the chronological order of the beginning of the following environmental movements:
(i) Narmada Bachao Andolan
(ii) Navadhanya Movement
(iii) Chipko Movement
(iv) Silent Valley Movement
Codes:
(A) (i), (iv), (iii), (ii)
(B) (ii), (iii), (iv), (i)
(C) (iii), (iv), (i), (ii)
(D) (i), (iii), (iv), (ii)
Answer: (C)
47. Arrange the following preventive detention laws in the order of their adoption by the Parliament:
(i) TADA
(ii) COFEPOSA
(iii) MISA
(iv) POTA
Codes:
(A) (ii), (iii), (iv), (i)
(B) (iii), (ii), (i), (iv)
(C) (iii), (iv), (ii), (i)
(D) (iv), (ii), (iii), (i)
Answer: (B)
48. Arrange the following in sequence:
(i) Convention on the Rights of the Child.
(ii) American Convention on Human Rights.
(iii) Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action.
(iv) United Nations Charter.
Codes:
(A) (i), (iii), (ii), (iv)
(B) (ii), (iii), (i), (iv)
(C) (iv), (ii), (i), (iii)
(D) (ii), (iii), (iv), (i)
Answer: (C)
49. Which of the following are listed among the Directive Principles in Part IV of the Constitution?
(i) Equal pay for equal work
(ii) Uniform Civil Code
(iii) Single child norm
(iv) Education through mother tongue at primary level.
Codes:
(A) (i), (ii) and (iii)
(B) (i) and (ii)
(C) (i) and (iii)
(D) (ii) and (iv)
Answer: (B)
50. Arrange the following events in the order of their occurrence:
(i) Hiroshima Nagasaki
(ii) Jallian Wallah Bag
(iii) Bhopal Disaster
(iv) Chernobyl Nuclear Accident
Codes:
(A) (iii), (i), (ii), (iv)
(B) (i), (ii), (iv), (iii)
(C) (ii), (i), (iii), (iv)
(D) (iv), (ii), (i), (iii)
Answer: (C)
51. Write the chronological order of the ILO conventions relating to the human rights of workers. Begin with the earliest adopted.
(i) Convention on worst forms of child labour.
(ii) Convention on domestic workers.
(iii) Convention on equal remuneration.
(iv) Convention on right to collective bargaining.
Codes:
(A) (ii), (iii), (iv), (i)
(B) (i), (iii), (iv), (ii)
(C) (iv), (iii), (i), (ii)
(D) (iii), (iv), (ii), (i)
Answer: (C)
52. Arrange the following provisions in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) in the sequence of their occurrence, using codes given below:
(i) Everyone has the right to recognition everywhere as a person before the law.
(ii) No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest, detention or exile.
(iii) Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person.
(iv) No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his property.
Codes:
(A) (iii), (i), (ii), (iv)
(B) (ii), (iii), (i), (iv)
(C) (iv), (i), (iii), (ii)
(D) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Answer: (A)
53. Starting with the earlier enacted law, give the sequence in which gender specific legislations are made in India.
(i) Domestic Violence Act
(ii) Equal Remuneration Act
(iii) SATI Act
(iv) Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act
Codes:
(A) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
(B) (ii), (iv), (i), (iii)
(C) (iv), (ii), (iii), (i)
(D) (iii), (iv), (i), (ii)
Answer: (C)
54. Arrange chronologically the following judicial principles, using codes given below:
(i) Gender sensitivity must be a part of judicial education system.
(ii) The Constitution seeks to secure to all its citizens Justice, Liberty, Equality and Fraternity.
(iii) The existence of the power to arrest is one thing. The justification for the exercise of it is quite another.
(iv) The right to freedom of the press is a pillar of individual liberty which has been unfailingly guarded by the
Courts.
Codes:
(A) (i), (iv), (ii), (iii)
(B) (iv), (i), (ii), (iii)
(C) (iv), (i), (iii), (ii)
(D) (ii), (iii), (i), (iv)
Answer: (B)
55. Arrange following chronologically using codes given below:
(i) Right of hearing
(ii) Framing of charges
(iii) Preventive detention
(iv) Review of detention
Codes:
(A) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
(B) (iii), (ii), (i), (iv)
(C) (ii), (i), (iii), (iv)
(D) (i), (ii), (iv), (iii)
Answer: (B)
56.
List – I List – II
(Social Reformers) (Reforms)
(a) Raja Ram Mohan Roy (i) Bhudaan Movement
(b) Acharya Vinoba Bhave (ii) Sati Abolition
(c) Eshwar Chandra V. Sagar (iii) Arya Samaj
(d) Swamy Dayanand Saraswati (iv) Widow remarriage
Codes:
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(A) (ii) (i) (iv) (iii)
(B) (i) (iii) (ii) (iv)
(C) (iii) (iv) (i) (ii)
(D) (i) (iv) (iii) (ii)
Answer: (A)
57. Match the topics in List – I with Article of Directive Principles in List – II:
List – I List – II
(Topic) (Directive Principles)
(a) Free Legal Aid (i) Art. 42
(b) Right to work (ii) Art. 39A
(c) Living Wage (iii) Art. 41
(d) Just and humane conditions of work (iv) Art. 43
Codes:
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(A) (ii) (iv) (iii) (i)
(B) (i) (iv) (iii) (ii)
(C) (ii) (iii) (iv) (i)
(D) (iv) (ii) (iii) (i)
Answer: (C)
58. Match List – I with List – II and select the correct answer with the help of codes attached:
List – I List – II
(Cases) (Subjects)
(a) Olga Tellis V. Bombay Municipal Corporation (i) National Flag hoisting
(b) Dr. M. Ismail Farooqui v. Union of India (ii) Right to life
(c) Union of India V. Navin Jindal (iii) Ayodhya Case
(d) Vishaka V. State of Rajasthan (iv) Gender equality
Codes:
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(A) (i) (iv) (ii) (iii)
(B) (iii) (ii) (iv) (i)
(C) (iii) (ii) (i) (iv)
(D) (ii) (iii) (i) (iv)
Answer: (D)
59. Match List – I with List – II and select the correct answer with the help of given codes:
List – I List – II
(a) Sanitation, firefighting, public safety (i) Cultural Services
(b) Art galleries, museums, public parks, zoos (ii) Welfare services
(c) Road and bridges, public utility services (iii) Physical services
(d) Education, hospitals, libraries (iv) Protective services
Codes:
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(A) (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
(B) (iv) (i) (iii) (ii)
(C) (i) (iii) (iv) (ii)
(D) (iv) (ii) (i) (iii)
Answer: (B)
60. Match List – I with List – II and select the correct answer:
List – I List – II
(Author) (Book)
(a) Plato (i) Republic and the Laws
(b) Aristotle (ii) Summa Theologica
(c) Augustine (iii) City of God
(d) Aquinas (iv) Ethics and politics
Codes:
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(A) (iv) (ii) (iii) (i)
(B) (i) (iv) (iii) (ii)
(C) (i) (iv) (ii) (iii)
(D) (ii) (iii) (i) (iv)
Answer: (B)
61. Match List – I with List – II and select the correct answer:
List – I List – II
(Fundamental Rights) (Article No.)
(a) Right to Constitutional Remedy (i) 29
(b) Protection of Interest of Minorities (ii) 17
(c) Abolition of untouchability (iii) 16
(d) Equality of opportunities in the matters of public employment (iv) 32
Codes:
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(A) (iv) (i) (ii) (iii)
(B) (i) (ii) (iv) (iii)
(C) (ii) (i) (iii) (iv)
(D) (iii) (ii) (i) (iv)
Answer: (A)
62. Match List – I with List – II and select the correct answer with the help of given codes:
List – I List – II
(Acts) (Year)
(a) The Dowry Prohibition Act (i) 1961
(b) The Juvenile Justice Act (ii) 1986
(c) The Commission on Sati (Prevention) Act (iii) 1987
(d) The SC/ST (Prevention of Atrocities) Act (iv) 1989
Codes:
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(A) (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
(B) (iv) (iii) (ii) (i)
(C) (iii) (iv) (ii) (i)
(D) (i) (iv) (iii) (ii)
Answer: (A)
63. Match the social conditions in the List – I with human rights implications in List – II.
List – I List – II
(Social Conditions) (Human Right Implications)
(a) Patriarchy (i) Communal Violence
(b) Caste System (ii) Child Labour
(c) Poverty (iii) Social Exclusion
(d) Religious dogmatism (iv) Gender discrimination
Codes:
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(A) (iv) (iii) (ii) (i)
(B) (i) (ii) (iv) (iii)
(C) (ii) (iv) (i) (iii)
(D) (iv) (i) (iii) (ii)
Answer: (A)
64. Match the UN Decades in List – I with the duration of the Decade in List – II.
List – I List – II
(UN Decades) (Duration)
(a) UN Decade for Women (i) 1983-92
(b) UN Decade for Disabled (ii) 2001-10
(c) UN Decade for Indigenous People (iii) 1976-85
(d) UN Decade for Culture, Peace and Non-violence (iv) 1995-2004
Codes:
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(A) (iv) (ii) (i) (iii)
(B) (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
(C) (iii) (i) (iv) (ii)
(D) (ii) (iv) (i) (iii)
Answer: (C)
65. Match the UN days provided in List – I with the dates specified in List – II:
List – I List – II
(UN Days) (Dates)
(a) Day of Girl Child (i) 20th June
(b) World AIDS Day (ii) 11th October
(c) World Refugee Day (iii) 1st December
(d) Day of Disabled Persons (iv) 3rd December
Codes:
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(A) (iv) (ii) (iii) (i)
(B) (i) (iii) (ii) (iv)
(C) (ii) (iii) (i) (iv)
(D) (ii) (iv) (i) (iii)
Answer: (C)
66. Match the case in List – I with issue dealt in List – II:
List – I List – II
(Case) (Issue)
(a) Hussainar Khatoon V. State of Bihar (i) Right to Privacy
(b) Kharak Singh V. State of U.P. (ii) Right to Speedy Trail
(c) Hanif Qureshi V. State of Bihar (iii) Right to Education
(d) Unnikrishnan V. State of A.P. (iv) Freedom of Religion
Codes:
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(A) (ii) (i) (iv) (iii)
(B) (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
(C) (iv) (iii) (ii) (i)
(D) (iii) (ii) (i) (iv)
Answer: (A)
67. Match the persons in List – I with the area of their work in List – II:
List – I List – II
(a) Vandana Shiva (i) Right to Information
(b) Rajendra Singh (ii) Right to Food
(c) Medha Patekar (iii) Water Conservation
(d) Aruna Roy (iv) Dams & Environmental Protection
Codes:
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(A) (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
(B) (iii) (ii) (i) (iv)
(C) (ii) (iii) (iv) (i)
(D) (iv) (iii) (ii) (i)
Answer: (C)
68. Match the right in List – I with ICCPR Article in List – II:
List – I List – II
(a) Right to Freedom of Association (i) Article 27
(b) Minority Rights (ii) Article 6
(c) Right to Life (iii) Article 18
(d) Freedom of Religion (iv) Article 22
Codes:
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(A) (iv) (i) (ii) (iii)
(B) (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
(C) (iv) (iii) (ii) (i)
(D) (ii) (iii) (iv) (i)
Answer: (A)
69. Match items in List – I with items in List – II, using codes given below:
List – I List – II
(a) Article 43 (i) Pannalal Bansilal Patil V. State of A.P.
(b) Article 41 (ii) Narendra Kumar V. State of Haryana
(c) Article 19(1) (iii) Fertiliser Corporation Kamgar Union
(d) Article 32 (iv) Kihote V. Zachilhu
Codes:
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(A) (i) (iv) (ii) (iii)
(B) (iv) (i) (ii) (iii)
(C) (i) (iv) (iii) (ii)
(D) (ii) (iii) (iv) (i)
Answer: (A)
70. Match the following theories in List – I with authors of those theories in List – II:
List – I List – II
(Theory) (Author)
(a) Critical Theory (i) Randall and Theobold
(b) Social Contract Theory (ii) Marx
(c) Capitalism Theory (iii) Horbeumors
(d) Dependency Theory (iv) John Locke
Codes:
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(A) (iii) (iv) (ii) (i)
(B) (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
(C) (iv) (ii) (iii) (i)
(D) (i) (iv) (ii) (iii)
Answer: (A)
Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow based on your understanding of the passage (Question Nos. 71-75):
The most broadly influential contribution of the natural rights tradition is the idea that human rights belong to “persons as such” or simply by “virtue of their humanity”. This notion arises as one of the explanation of the universality of the human rights. Whereas naturalistic theories typically arise from the reflections about what is common in the nature and circumstances of human life, the theories to which we turn now arise more often from reflections about legal and social diversity. These theories conceptualise the human rights as standards that are or might be objects of agreements among members of cultures whose moral and political values are dissimilar in various respects. These views obviously perceive that in view of social and cultural diversities human rights cannot become universal. However, it is felt at the same time that human right philosophy can help to develop an agreement about ‘moral minimum’ or ‘core basic human rights’ to be followed everywhere. So a good philosophical task is to explicate Minnow’s “dilemma of differences”.
71. The most important contribution of natural rights theory is to project human rights as:
(A) Personal rights
(B) Inherent rights
(C) Basic Rights
(D) Absolute rights
Answer: (B)
72. The idea of ‘inherent rights ‘provides explanation for the idea of:
(A) Universality of naturalists
(B) Universality of natural theories
(C) Universal nature of Human Rights
(D) All of the above
Answer: (C)
73. Which of the following is true?
(A) Moral, social and legal conditions are similar everywhere.
(B) Moral, social, legal and cultural conditions can vary around the world.
(C) Human rights and social diversities are unrelated.
(D) None of the above
Answer: (B)
74. Through the above passage, the author is
(A) Appreciating the contribution of natural rights theorists.
(B) Criticizing the lack of agreement between human right theories.
(C) Describing the different perceptions about the character of human rights.
(D) Deciding the moral, legal and social diversities as bad for human rights.
Answer: (C)
75. The final recommendation as to concept of human rights is:
(A) To read Minnow’s book of “dilemma of differences”.
(B) To develop better human rights theory.
(C) To reconcile the moral, legal and social divergences.
(D) To indulge in a philosophical exercise this takes into account the problem of diversity.
Answer: (D)
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